Monounsaturated fatty acid diet
Notice in both diagrams of oleic acid that the hydrogen atoms occur on the same side of the double bond, rather than on opposite sides. Polyunsaturated fats protect against cardiovascular disease by providing more membrane fluidity than monounsaturated fats, but they are more vulnerable to lipid peroxidation ( rancidity ). In biochemistry and nutrition, monounsaturated fatty acids (abbreviated MUFAs, or more plainly monounsaturated fats ) are fatty acids that have one double bond in the fatty acid chain with all of the remainder carbon atoms being single-bonded. For a discussion on how dietary fats affect cardiovascular health, see Diet and heart disease. , it is also a good source of monounsaturated fats. Oleic acid now becomes 18:1n-9 cis, meaning that the two hydrogen atoms fall on the same side of the carbon to carbon double bond. Fatty acids are long-chained molecules having an alkyl group at one end and a carboxylic acid group at the other end. Oleic acid has 18 carbon atoms with the first double bond occurring 9 carbon atoms away from the carboxylic acid group. S. Hence oleic acid can be further labeled 18:1n-9, meaning that there is a single double bond, 9 carbon atoms from the omega (n) end of the molecule. The Mediterranean Diet is one heavily influenced by monounsaturated fats. When contrasted to saturated fatty acids, dietary monounsaturated fatty acids lower blood cholesterol concentrations. Note that the numbering scheme for double bonds starts at the omega or methyl end of the fatty acid whereas the numbering of carbon atoms starts from the carboxyl end of the carbon backbone. The naming scheme for monounsaturated fatty acids follows that for saturated fatty acids. Oleic acid (18:1) means that the fatty acid is 18 carbon atoms in length and there is a single (:1) double bond. As was the case with saturated fatty acids, most monounsaturated fatty acids are even numbered. The saturation index (SI) of the same membranes was inversely associated with breast cancer risk. Monounsaturated fatty acids are liquids at room temperature and semisolid or solid when refrigerated.
When a single double bond occurs in a fatty acid, it is useful to know the position of the double bond. Below is a list of the common and numeric names for monounsaturated fatty acids that may occur in foods. In the diagram below, you see a geometrically correct diagram of oleic acid. Monounsaturated fats and low SI in erythrocyte membranes are predictors of postmenopausal breast cancer. Odd numbered monounsaturated fatty acids are infrequently present in foods. When this configuration occurs, we must add another dimension to the naming scheme. People in Mediterranean countries consume more total fat than Northern European countries, but most of the fat is in the form of monounsaturated fatty acids from olive oil and omega-3 fatty acids from fish, vegetables, and certain meats like lamb, while consumption of saturated fat is minimal in comparison. The most common monounsaturated fatty acid in both plant and animal foods is oleic acid (18:1). It can be lengthened to the 18-carbon cis-vaccenic acid. Levels of oleic along with other monounsaturated fatty acids in red blood cell membranes were positively associated with breast cancer risk. By contrast, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have more than one double bond. Monounsaturated fatty acids most frequently occur in higher concentrations in plant foods such as olive oil, most nuts, and avocados. Palmitoleic acid has 16 carbon atoms with the first double bond occurring 7 carbon atoms away from the methyl group (and 9 carbons from the carboxyl end). The illustrations below show a molecule of oleic acid in Lewis formula and as a space-filling model. Although marrow from animal bones is infrequently consumed in the U. Below is a schematic diagram of oleic acid or 18:1n-9. Before we get to polyunsaturated fatty acids, an additional factor in naming fatty acids must be considered. More physical activity was associated with a higher-oleic acid diet than one of a palmitic acid diet.
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